Aromatic and medicinal herbs in Istria and Kvarner

Just like every other region of Croatia, Istria and Kvarner are rich in flora and fauna. However, when it comes to possibilities for plant growth, these Croatian regions are somewhat special. The soil of Istria and Kvarner is fertile, and importantly, diverse, and the climate is moderate and Mediterranean, making these regions ideal for growing aromatic and medicinal herbs.

Aromatic herbs are plants characterized by their strong yet pleasant smell. Therefore they are commonly used in cooking, as well as in soap-making and perfumery. Apart from their aesthetic features, those herbs often have therapeutic properties, which often makes it difficult to discern between aromatic and medicinal herbs. This article aims to introduce some of the best-known aromatic and medicinal herbs found around Istria and Kvarner.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a popular herb known around the globe for its strong yet pleasant aroma and flavor. It is often used in cooking, and it pairs especially well with fish. Aside from its aroma, rosemary has medicinal properties, such as improving digestion and anti-inflammatory properties, and it is said to improve memory.

Sage (Salvia officinalis) is a herb which has been used primarily for its medicinal properties for thousands of years. It has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and is commonly used for treating throat inflammations, the common cold and the flu, and it helps in lowering “bad” cholesterol. It is commonly made into tea, but is also used as seasoning.

Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum) has a strong scent, which is why it is primarily used in cooking, but is also used in making essential oils or as a home fragrance. Other than its aroma, it is known for its medicinal uses. It is used therapeutically to improve respiratory health, relieve lower digestive tract ailments, as well as a relaxant remedy.

Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is a widely known herb which is commonly used in Italian and Mediterranean cuisine. It is characterized by a strong, all-consuming flavor and scent, and everyone knows it primarily as “the pizza seasoning”. However, cuisine isn’t its only forte – oregano tea eases gastrointestinal ailments, while oregano oil is used for treating respiratory illnesses.

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), aromatic herb royalty, is known primarily for its soothing properties. It is often used in aromatherapy, since it greatly helps in reducing anxiety and stress and stimulates relaxation. Just one breath of lavender fragrance is enough to feel its relaxing effect. Other than relaxation and soothing, households all over Croatia and the entire globe use it as an air freshener which deters pests, such as moths and even scorpions.

St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a herb native to this region, which is commonly used for treating depression. It is proven to improve the mood and is often used as an alternative for prescription antidepressants. Many people drink St. John’s wort tea in the winter to help them endure the cold temperatures and long nights. However, one must be careful when using it – it mustn’t be consumed during summer months, as its consumption in combination with sun exposure can lead to sunburns. On the other hand, St. John’s wort oil stimulates skin regeneration and is great for treating wounds and scars, as well as burns.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is commonly used to ease anxiety and insomnia, as well as for relieving stomach ailments. It has anti-inflammatory properties and is often used for treating skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.

Immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) is known for its characteristic yellow color, and it generally grows by the sea and in rocky areas. It is used primarily in cosmetics, as it stimulates the production of collagen in the skin, but it also helps with the treatment of asthma and autoimmune conditions such as allergies and rheumatism.

Laurel (Laurus nobilis) is a remarkable herb knowns since the ancient times, when it was presented to highly respected poets and rulers. It is primarily used in cuisine, and the bay leaf is added to nearly every dish in Croatian cuisine. However, it also has medicinal properties and is used for treating cough.